US ECONOMICS

U.S. Department of State. July 5, 2017. Economic, Energy, Agricultural and Trade Issues: Open Skies Partnerships: Expanding the Benefits of Freer Commercial Aviation

What are Open Skies Agreements?

Open Skies agreements are bilateral air service agreements the U.S. Government negotiates with other countries to provide rights for airlines to offer international passenger and cargo services. They are pro-consumer, pro-competition, and pro-growth. They include reciprocal obligations to eliminate government interference in commercial airline decisions about routes, capacity, and pricing, so airlines can provide more affordable, convenient, and efficient air service to consumers, promoting increased travel and trade, and facilitating broad economic growth. Open Skies agreements improve flexibility for airline operations, expand cooperative marketing opportunities between airlines, enable global express delivery cargo networks, liberalize charter regulations, and commit both governments to high standards of safety and security.

Growth in Open Skies Partnerships

Since 1992, the United States has established Open Skies relationships with over 120 foreign partners. Recent Open Skies agreements include Ukraine, Serbia, Cote d’ Ivoire, Seychelles, Togo, Azerbaijan, Curacao (Kingdom of the Netherlands), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), and a modernized air transport agreement with Mexico. Over 70 percent of international departures from the United States now fly to Open Skies partners, which represent 17 or our top 20 passenger markets. We have Open Skies with countries at all levels of economic development, from major economies including Canada, India, Japan, and Republic of Korea to smaller countries such as Cabo Verde, Rwanda, and Brunei. Our agreement with the European Union liberalized one of world’s largest international aviation markets.

Impact

• The Brookings Institution estimates that Open Skies agreements add approximately $4 billion in annual economic gains to consumers. (U.S. Airlines for Open Skies)
• A study by InterVistas estimates that full liberalization of the global aviation market through Open Skies agreements would lead to a 16-percent increase in air traffic and support 9 million jobs in aviation and related industries.
• Open Skies has dramatically expanded the number of direct international connections to cities like Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Las Vegas, Memphis, Minneapolis, Orlando, Portland, and Salt Lake City. (Airports Council International – North America)

Fact Sheet: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/272590.pdf


FED. July 05, 2017. Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee, June 13-14, 2017

The Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Open Market Committee on Wednesday released the attached minutes of the Committee meeting held on June 13-14, 2017. A summary of economic projections made by Federal Reserve Board members and Reserve Bank presidents for the meeting is also included as an addendum to these minutes.

The minutes for each regularly scheduled meeting of the Committee ordinarily are made available three weeks after the day of the policy decision and subsequently are published in the Board’s Annual Report. The descriptions of economic and financial conditions contained in these minutes and in the Summary of Economic Projections are based solely on the information that was available to the Committee at the time of the meeting.

Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee

June 13-14, 2017

A joint meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee and the Board of Governors was held in the offices of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, June 13, 2017, at 1:00 p.m. and continued on Wednesday, June 14, 2017, at 9:00 a.m.1

PRESENT:

Janet L. Yellen, Chair
William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman
Lael Brainard
Charles L. Evans
Stanley Fischer
Patrick Harker
Robert S. Kaplan
Neel Kashkari
Jerome H. Powell

Raphael W. Bostic, Loretta J. Mester, Mark L. Mullinix, Michael Strine, and John C. Williams, Alternate Members of the Federal Open Market Committee

James Bullard, Esther L. George, and Eric Rosengren, Presidents of the Federal Reserve Banks of St. Louis, Kansas City, and Boston, respectively

Brian F. Madigan, Secretary
Matthew M. Luecke, Deputy Secretary
David W. Skidmore, Assistant Secretary
Michelle A. Smith, Assistant Secretary
Scott G. Alvarez, General Counsel
Michael Held, Deputy General Counsel
Steven B. Kamin, Economist
Thomas Laubach, Economist
David W. Wilcox, Economist

Beth Anne Wilson, James A. Clouse, Thomas A. Connors, Eric M. Engen, Evan F. Koenig, Jonathan P. McCarthy, William Wascher, and Mark L.J. Wright, Associate Economists

Simon Potter, Manager, System Open Market Account

Lorie K. Logan, Deputy Manager, System Open Market Account

Ann E. Misback, Secretary, Office of the Secretary, Board of Governors

Matthew J. Eichner,2 Director, Division of Reserve Bank Operations and Payment Systems, Board of Governors; Michael S. Gibson, Director, Division of Supervision and Regulation, Board of Governors

Michael T. Kiley, Deputy Director, Division of Financial Stability, Board of Governors; Stephen A. Meyer, Deputy Director, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

William B. English, Senior Special Adviser to the Board, Office of Board Members, Board of Governors

Trevor A. Reeve, Senior Special Adviser to the Chair, Office of Board Members, Board of Governors

David Bowman, Joseph W. Gruber, David Reifschneider, and John M. Roberts, Special Advisers to the Board, Office of Board Members, Board of Governors

Linda Robertson, Assistant to the Board, Office of Board Members, Board of Governors

Christopher J. Erceg, Senior Associate Director, Division of International Finance, Board of Governors; Joshua Gallin, Senior Associate Director, Division of Research and Statistics, Board of Governors; Gretchen C. Weinbach,2 Senior Associate Director, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

Antulio N. Bomfim, Ellen E. Meade, and Edward Nelson, Senior Advisers, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors; Jeremy B. Rudd, Senior Adviser, Division of Research and Statistics, Board of Governors

Rochelle M. Edge, Associate Director, Division of Financial Stability, Board of Governors; Jane E. Ihrig, Associate Director, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors; Stacey Tevlin, Associate Director, Division of Research and Statistics, Board of Governors

Min Wei, Deputy Associate Director, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

Christopher J. Gust, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors; Norman J. Morin and Karen M. Pence, Assistant Directors, Division of Research and Statistics, Board of Governors

Don Kim, Adviser, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

Penelope A. Beattie, Assistant to the Secretary, Office of the Secretary, Board of Governors

Giovanni Favara and Rebecca Zarutskie, Section Chiefs, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

David H. Small, Project Manager, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

Kimberly Bayard, Group Manager, Division of Research and Statistics, Board of Governors

Stephen Lin, Principal Economist, Division of International Finance, Board of Governors; Lubomir Petrasek, Principal Economist, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

Achilles Sangster II, Information Management Analyst, Division of Monetary Affairs, Board of Governors

Marie Gooding, First Vice President, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta

David Altig, Kartik B. Athreya, Mary Daly, Jeff Fuhrer, and Christopher J. Waller, Executive Vice Presidents, Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta, Richmond, San Francisco, Boston, and St. Louis, respectively

Spencer Krane and Ellis W. Tallman, Senior Vice Presidents, Federal Reserve Banks of Chicago and Cleveland, respectively

Roc Armenter and Kathryn B. Chen,3 Vice Presidents, Federal Reserve Banks of Philadelphia and New York, respectively

Andrew T. Foerster, Senior Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

Selection of Committee Officer
By unanimous vote, the Committee selected Mark L.J. Wright to serve as Associate Economist, effective June 13, 2017, until the selection of his successor at the first regularly scheduled meeting of the Committee in 2018.

Developments in Financial Markets and Open Market Operations
The manager of the System Open Market Account (SOMA) reported on developments in domestic and foreign financial markets over the period since the May FOMC meeting. Yields on Treasury securities and the foreign exchange value of the dollar had declined modestly, while equity prices had continued to rise, contributing to a further easing of financial conditions according to some measures. Moreover, realized and implied volatility in financial markets remained low. Meanwhile, inflation compensation edged lower. Survey results and market pricing suggested that market participants saw a high probability of an increase in the FOMC's target range for the federal funds rate at this meeting.

The deputy manager reviewed survey results on market expectations for SOMA reinvestment policy and for the evolution of the System's balance sheet over coming years. The deputy manager also commented on money market developments. Over the intermeeting period, the federal funds rate remained well within the FOMC's target range, and take-up at the System's overnight reverse repurchase agreement facility was little changed from the previous period. The spread between the three-month London interbank offered rate and the overnight index swap (OIS) rate had narrowed markedly in recent months after rising noticeably in advance of the implementation of money market fund reform in the fall of 2016. The deputy manager also summarized details of the operational approach that the Open Market Desk planned to follow if the Committee adopted the proposal for SOMA reinvestment policy to be considered at this meeting.

By unanimous vote, the Committee ratified the Desk's domestic transactions over the intermeeting period. There were no intervention operations in foreign currencies for the System's account during the intermeeting period.

System Open Market Account Reinvestment Policy
The Chair observed that, starting with the March 2017 FOMC meeting, Committee participants had been discussing approaches to reducing the Federal Reserve's securities holdings in a gradual and predictable manner. She noted that participants appeared to have reached a consensus on an approach that involved specifying caps on the monthly amount of principal payments from securities holdings that would not be reinvested; these caps would rise over the period of a year, after which they would remain constant. Given this consensus, the Chair proposed that participants approve the plan and that it be published as an addendum to the Committee's Policy Normalization Principles and Plans; the addendum would be released at the conclusion of this meeting so as to inform the public well in advance of implementing the reinvestment policy. It was anticipated that when the Committee determined that economic conditions warranted implementation of the program, that step would be communicated through the Committee's postmeeting statement. Participants unanimously supported the proposal.

POLICY NORMALIZATION PRINCIPLES AND PLANS
(Addendum adopted June 13, 2017)

All participants agreed to augment the Committee's Policy Normalization Principles and Plans by providing the following additional details regarding the approach the FOMC intends to use to reduce the Federal Reserve's holdings of Treasury and agency securities once normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way.1

• The Committee intends to gradually reduce the Federal Reserve's securities holdings by decreasing its reinvestment of the principal payments it receives from securities held in the System Open Market Account. Specifically, such payments will be reinvested only to the extent that they exceed gradually rising caps.
  • For payments of principal that the Federal Reserve receives from maturing Treasury securities, the Committee anticipates that the cap will be $6 billion per month initially and will increase in steps of $6 billion at three-month intervals over 12 months until it reaches $30 billion per month.
  • For payments of principal that the Federal Reserve receives from its holdings of agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, the Committee anticipates that the cap will be $4 billion per month initially and will increase in steps of $4 billion at three-month intervals over 12 months until it reaches $20 billion per month.
  • The Committee also anticipates that the caps will remain in place once they reach their respective maximums so that the Federal Reserve's securities holdings will continue to decline in a gradual and predictable manner until the Committee judges that the Federal Reserve is holding no more securities than necessary to implement monetary policy efficiently and effectively.
• Gradually reducing the Federal Reserve's securities holdings will result in a declining supply of reserve balances. The Committee currently anticipates reducing the quantity of reserve balances, over time, to a level appreciably below that seen in recent years but larger than before the financial crisis; the level will reflect the banking system's demand for reserve balances and the Committee's decisions about how to implement monetary policy most efficiently and effectively in the future. The Committee expects to learn more about the underlying demand for reserves during the process of balance sheet normalization.
• The Committee affirms that changing the target range for the federal funds rate is its primary means of adjusting the stance of monetary policy. However, the Committee would be prepared to resume reinvestment of principal payments received on securities held by the Federal Reserve if a material deterioration in the economic outlook were to warrant a sizable reduction in the Committee's target for the federal funds rate. Moreover, the Committee would be prepared to use its full range of tools, including altering the size and composition of its balance sheet, if future economic conditions were to warrant a more accommodative monetary policy than can be achieved solely by reducing the federal funds rate.

1. The Committee's Policy Normalization Principles and Plans were adopted on September 16, 2014, and are available at www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/FOMC_PolicyNormalization.pdf. On March 18, 2015, the Committee adopted an addendum to the Policy Normalization Principles and Plans, which is available at www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/FOMC_PolicyNormalization.20150318.pdf. Return to text

Staff Review of the Economic Situation
The information reviewed for the June 13-14 meeting showed that labor market conditions continued to strengthen in recent months and suggested that real gross domestic product (GDP) was expanding at a faster pace in the second quarter than in the first quarter. The 12-month change in overall consumer prices, as measured by the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCE), slowed a bit further in April; total consumer price inflation and core inflation, which excludes consumer food and energy prices, were both running somewhat below 2 percent. Survey-based measures of longer-run inflation expectations were little changed on balance.

Total nonfarm payroll employment expanded further in April and May, and the average pace of job gains over the first five months of the year was solid. The unemployment rate moved down to 4.3 percent in May; the unemployment rates for African Americans and for Hispanics stepped down but remained above the unemployment rates for Asians and for whites. The overall labor force participation rate declined somewhat, and the share of workers employed part time for economic reasons decreased a little. The rate of private-sector job openings increased in March and April, while the quits rate was little changed and the hiring rate moved down. The four-week moving average of initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits remained at a very low level through early June. Measures of labor compensation continued to rise at moderate rates. Compensation per hour in the nonfarm business sector increased 2-1/4 percent over the four quarters ending in the first quarter, a bit slower than over the same period a year earlier. Average hourly earnings for all employees increased 2-1/2 percent over the 12 months ending in May, about the same as over the comparable period a year earlier.

Total industrial production rose considerably in April, reflecting gains in manufacturing, mining, and utilities output. Automakers' assembly schedules suggested that motor vehicle production would slow in subsequent months, but broader indicators of manufacturing production, such as the new orders indexes from national and regional manufacturing surveys, pointed to modest gains in factory output over the near term.

Real PCE rose solidly in April after increasing only modestly in the first quarter. Light motor vehicle sales picked up in April but then moved down somewhat in May. The components of the nominal retail sales data used by the Bureau of Economic Analysis to construct its estimate of PCE were flat in May, but estimated increases in these components of sales for the previous two months were revised up. In addition, recent readings on key factors that influence consumer spending pointed to further solid growth in total real PCE in the near term, including continued gains in employment, real disposable personal income, and households' net worth. Moreover, consumer sentiment, as measured by the University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers, remained upbeat in May.

Residential investment appeared to be slowing after increasing briskly in the first quarter. The first-quarter strength may have reflected housing activity shifting earlier in response to unseasonably warm weather last quarter, to an anticipation of higher future interest rates, or to both. Starts of new single-family homes edged up in April, but the issuance of building permits for these homes declined somewhat. Meanwhile, starts of multifamily units fell. Moreover, sales of both new and existing homes decreased in April.

Real private expenditures for business equipment and intellectual property seemed to be increasing further after rising at a solid pace in the first quarter. Both nominal shipments and new orders of nondefense capital goods excluding aircraft rose in April, and new orders continued to exceed shipments, pointing to further gains in shipments in the near term. In addition, indicators of business sentiment were upbeat in recent months. Al­though firms' nominal spending for nonresidential structures excluding drilling and mining declined in April, the number of oil and gas rigs in operation, an indicator of spending for structures in the drilling and mining sector, continued to rise through early June.

Nominal federal government spending data for April and May pointed to essentially flat real federal purchases in the second quarter. Real state and local government purchases appeared to be moving down, as state and local government payrolls declined, on net, in April and May, and nominal construction expenditures by these governments decreased in April.

The nominal U.S. international trade deficit widened slightly in March, with a small decline in exports and a small increase in imports. The March data, together with revised estimates for earlier months, indicated that real exports grew briskly in the first quarter and at a faster pace than in the second half of 2016. Real imports also increased in the first quarter but at a slower pace than in the second half of 2016. In April, the nominal trade deficit widened, as imports picked up while exports declined slightly. Net exports were estimated to have made a small positive contribution to real GDP growth in the first quarter. However, the April trade data suggested that net exports might be a slight drag on real GDP growth in the second quarter.

Total U.S. consumer prices, as measured by the PCE price index, increased 1-3/4 percent over the 12 months ending in April. Core PCE price inflation was 1-1/2 percent over those same 12 months. Over the 12 months ending in May, the consumer price index (CPI) rose a little less than 2 percent, while core CPI inflation was 1-3/4 percent. The median of inflation expectations over the next 5 to 10 years from the Michigan survey was unchanged in May, and the median expectation for PCE price inflation over the next 10 years from the Survey of Professional Forecasters also held steady in the second quarter. Likewise, the medians of longer-run inflation expectations from the Desk's Survey of Primary Dealers and Survey of Market Participants were essentially unchanged in June.

The economic expansions in Canada and the euro area as well as in China and many other emerging market economies (EMEs) continued to firm in the first quarter. In contrast, economic growth in the United Kingdom slowed sharply. Recent indicators suggested that real GDP growth in most foreign economies remained solid in the second quarter. Headline inflation across the advanced foreign economies (AFEs) generally appeared to moderate from the pace registered over the first quarter, as the effects of earlier increases in energy prices started to fade; core inflation continued to be subdued in many AFEs. Among the EMEs, inflation in China rose while inflation in Latin America fell. In Mexico, the effects of fuel price hikes in January and the pass-through from earlier currency depreciation to prices started to wane, but inflation remained above the central bank's target.

Staff Review of the Financial Situation
Domestic financial market conditions remained generally accommodative over the intermeeting period. U.S. equity prices increased over the period, longer-term Treasury yields declined, and the dollar depreciated. A decline in the perceived likelihood of a significant fiscal expansion and the below-expectations reading on the April CPI reportedly contributed to lower yields on longer-tenor Treasury securities. Market participants' perceptions of an improved global economic outlook appeared to provide some support to prices of risk assets.

FOMC communications over the intermeeting period were viewed as broadly in line with investors' expectations that the Committee would continue to remove policy accommodation at a gradual pace. Market participants interpreted the May FOMC statement and the meeting minutes as indicating that the Committee had not materially changed its economic outlook. In response to the discussion of SOMA reinvestment policy in the minutes, a number of market participants reportedly pulled forward their expectations for the most likely timing of a change to the Committee's reinvestment policy, a shift that was evident in the responses to the Desk's Survey of Primary Dealers and Survey of Market Participants. However, investors also reportedly viewed the Committee's planning as mitigating the risk that the process of reducing the size of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet would lead to outsized movements in interest rates or have adverse effects on market functioning.

The probability of an increase in the target range for the federal funds rate occurring at the June meeting, as implied by quotes on federal funds futures contracts, rose to a high level. However, the expected federal funds rate from late 2018 to the end of 2020 implied by OIS quotes declined slightly. Immediately following the May FOMC meeting, nominal Treasury yields rose at short and intermediate maturities, reportedly reflecting the response of investors to a passage in the postmeeting statement indicating the Committee's view that the slowing in real GDP growth during the first quarter was likely to be transitory. Later in the intermeeting period, yields declined in reaction to the release of weaker-than-expected April CPI data and the somewhat disappointing May employment report. On balance, the Treasury yield curve flattened, with short-term yields rising modestly and the 10-year yield declining. Both 5-year and 5-to-10-year-forward TIPS-based inflation compensation declined, in part reflecting the below-expectations inflation data.

Broad U.S. equity price indexes increased. One-month-ahead option-implied volatility on the S&P 500 index--the VIX--was little changed, on net, and remained near the lower end of its historical range.

Conditions in short-term funding markets were stable over the intermeeting period. Yields on a broad set of money market instruments remained in the ranges observed since the FOMC increased the target range for the federal funds rate in March. Term OIS rates rose as expectations firmed for an increase in the federal funds rate target at this meeting.

Financing conditions for nonfinancial businesses continued to be accommodative. Commercial and industrial loans outstanding increased in April and May after being weak in the first quarter, al­though the growth of these loans remained well below the pace seen a year ago. Issuance of both corporate debt and equity was strong. Gross issuance of institutional leveraged loans was solid in April and May, al­though it receded from the near-record levels seen over the previous two months.

Commercial real estate (CRE) loans on banks' books grew robustly in April and May, with nonfarm nonresidential loans leading the expansion. However, recent CRE loan growth was a bit slower than that during the first quarter, in part reflecting a slowdown in lending for both construction and multifamily units. Issuance of commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) through the first five months of this year was similar to the issuance over the same period a year earlier. While delinquency rates on CRE loans held by banks edged down further in the first quarter, the delinquency rates on loans in CMBS pools continued to increase. The rise in CMBS delinquency rates was mostly confined to loans that were originated during the period of weak underwriting before the financial crisis. The increase in those delinquencies had generally been expected by market participants and was not anticipated to have a material effect on credit availability or market conditions.

Residential mortgage rates declined slightly, in line with yields on longer-term Treasury and mortgage-backed securities, but remained elevated relative to the third quarter of 2016. Despite the higher level of mortgage rates, growth in mortgage lending for home purchases remained near the upper end of its recent range during the first quarter. Delinquency rates on residential mortgage loans continued to edge down amid robust house price growth and still-tight lending standards for households with low credit scores and hard-to-document incomes.

Financing conditions in consumer credit markets remained generally accommodative, although some indicators pointed to modest reductions in credit availability in recent months. Tighter conditions for credit card borrowing were especially apparent within the subprime segment, where there had been some further deterioration of credit performance. On a year-over-year basis, overall credit card balances continued to grow in April at a robust rate, although the pace had moderated a bit from that of 2016.

Growth in auto loans remained solid through the first quarter. Overall delinquency rates on auto loans continued to be relatively low, but the delinquency rate among subprime borrowers remained elevated, reflecting easier lending standards in 2015 and 2016. Recent evidence suggested that these lending standards had tightened; the credit rating of the average borrower had trended higher, and new extensions of subprime auto loans had declined.

Over the period since the May FOMC meeting, foreign financial markets were influenced by incoming economic data and by political developments both abroad and in the United States. Most AFE and EME equity indexes edged higher, supported by robust first-quarter earnings reports and generally positive data releases overseas. The broad U.S. dollar depreciated about 1-3/4 percent over the intermeeting period, weakening against both AFE and EME currencies. In particular, the dollar depreciated against the Canadian dollar following communications by the Bank of Canada suggesting that the removal of policy accommodation could occur sooner than previously expected by market participants. The dollar also depreciated against the euro, which was supported by the results of the French presidential election and by stronger-than-expected macroeconomic releases. Those data releases prompted the European Central Bank at its June 8 meeting to change its assessment of risks to the economic outlook from "tilted to the downside" to "balanced." U.S. developments, including mixed economic data reports, also weighed on the dollar. In contrast, the dollar strengthened against sterling following the U.K. parliamentary election. Changes in longer-dated AFE sovereign bond yields were mixed, while shorter-dated yields moved slightly higher. EME sovereign spreads were little changed, while flows into EME mutual funds remained robust. However, Brazilian sovereign spreads widened and the Brazilian realdepreciated notably amid increased political uncertainty.

Staff Economic Outlook
In the U.S. economic projection prepared by the staff for the June FOMC meeting, real GDP growth was forecast to step up to a solid pace in the second quarter following its weak reading in the first quarter, primarily reflecting faster real PCE growth. On balance, the incoming data on aggregate spending were a little stronger than the staff had expected, and the forecast of real GDP growth for the current year was a bit higher than in the previous projection. Beyond this year, the projection for real GDP growth was essentially unchanged. The staff continued to project that real GDP would expand at a modestly faster pace than potential output in 2017 through 2019, supported in part by the staff's maintained assumption that fiscal policy would become more expansionary in the coming years. The unemployment rate was projected to decline gradually over the next couple of years and to continue running below the staff's estimate of its longer-run natural rate over this period.

The staff's forecast for consumer price inflation, as measured by the change in the PCE price index, was revised down slightly for 2017 because of the weaker-than-expected incoming data for inflation. However, the projection was little changed thereafter, as the recent weakness in inflation was viewed as transitory. Inflation was still expected to be somewhat higher this year than last year, largely reflecting an upturn in the prices for food and non-energy imports. The staff projected that inflation would increase further in the next couple of years, and that it would be close to the Committee's longer-run objective in 2018 and at 2 percent in 2019.

The staff viewed the uncertainty around its projections for real GDP growth, the unemployment rate, and inflation as similar to the average of the past 20 years. Many financial market indicators of uncertainty were subdued, and the uncertainty associated with the foreign outlook appeared to have subsided further, on balance, since late last year; these developments were judged as counterweights to elevated measures of economic policy uncertainty. The staff saw the risks to the forecasts for real GDP and the unemployment rate as balanced; the staff's assessment was that the downside risks associated with monetary policy not being well positioned to respond to adverse shocks had diminished since its previous forecast. The risks to the projection for inflation also were seen as roughly balanced. The downside risks from the possibility that longer-term inflation expectations may have edged down or that the dollar could appreciate substantially were seen as essentially counterbalanced by the upside risk that inflation could increase more than expected in an economy that was projected to continue operating above its longer-run potential.

Participants' Views on Current Conditions and the Economic Outlook
In conjunction with this FOMC meeting, members of the Board of Governors and Federal Reserve Bank presidents submitted their projections of the most likely outcomes for real output growth, the unemployment rate, and inflation for each year from 2017 through 2019 and over the longer run, based on their individual assessments of the appropriate path for the federal funds rate.4 The longer-run projections represented each participant's assessment of the rate to which each variable would be expected to converge, over time, under appropriate monetary policy and in the absence of further shocks to the economy.5 These projections and policy assessments are described in the Summary of Economic Projections (SEP), which is an addendum to these minutes.

In their discussion of the economic situation and the outlook, meeting participants agreed that the information received over the intermeeting period indicated that the labor market had continued to strengthen and that economic activity had been rising moderately, on average, so far this year. Job gains had moderated since the beginning of the year but had remained solid, on average, and the unemployment rate had declined. Household spending had picked up in recent months, and business fixed investment had continued to expand. Inflation measured on a 12-month basis had declined recently and, like the measure excluding food and energy prices, had been running somewhat below 2 percent. Market-based measures of inflation compensation remained low; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations were little changed on balance.

Participants generally saw the incoming information on spending and labor market indicators as consistent, overall, with their expectations and indicated that their views of the outlook for economic growth and the labor market had changed only slightly since the May FOMC meeting. As anticipated, growth in consumer spending seemed to have bounced back from a weak first quarter, and participants continued to expect that, with further gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity would expand at a moderate pace and labor market conditions would strengthen somewhat further. In light of surprisingly low recent readings on inflation, participants expected that inflation on a 12-month basis would remain somewhat below 2 percent in the near term. However, participants judged that inflation would stabilize around the Committee's 2 percent objective over the medium term.

Growth in consumer spending appeared to be rebounding after slowing in the first quarter of this year. Participants generally continued to expect that ongoing job gains, rising household income and wealth, and improved household balance sheets would support moderate growth in household spending over the medium term. However, District contacts reported that automobile sales had slowed recently; some contacts expected sales to slow further, while others believed that sales were leveling out.

Participants generally agreed that business fixed investment had continued to expand in recent months, supported in particular by a rebound in the energy sector. District contacts suggested that an expansion in oil production capacity was likely to continue in the near term, though the longer-term outlook was more uncertain. Conditions in the manufacturing sector in several Districts were reportedly strong, but activity in a couple of them had slowed in recent months from a high level, and some contacts in the automobile industry reported declines in production that they expected to continue in the near term. District reports regarding the service sector were generally positive. In contrast, contacts in a couple of Districts indicated that conditions in the agricultural sector remained weak. Contacts in many Districts remained optimistic about business prospects, which were supported in part by improving global conditions. However, this optimism appeared to have recently abated somewhat, partly because contacts viewed the likelihood of significant fiscal stimulus as having diminished. Contacts at some large firms indicated that they had curtailed their capital spending, in part because of uncertainty about changes in fiscal and other government policies; some contacts at smaller firms, however, indicated that their capital spending plans had not been appreciably affected by news about government policy. Reports regarding housing construction from District contacts were mixed.

Labor market conditions continued to strengthen in recent months. The unemployment rate fell from 4.5 percent in March to 4.3 percent in May and was below levels that participants judged likely to be normal over the longer run. Monthly increases in nonfarm payrolls averaged 160,000 since the beginning of the year, down from 187,000 per month in 2016 but still well above estimates of the pace necessary to absorb new entrants in the labor force. A few participants interpreted this slowing in payroll growth as an expected development that reflected a tight labor market. Other labor market indicators, such as the number of job openings and broader measures of unemployment, were also seen as consistent with labor market conditions having strengthened in recent months. Moreover, contacts in several Districts reported shortages of workers in selected occupations and in some cases indicated that firms were significantly increasing salaries and benefits in order to attract or keep workers. However, other contacts reported only modest wage gains, and participants observed that measures of labor compensation for the overall economy continued to rise only moderately despite strengthening labor market conditions. A couple of participants saw the restrained increases in labor compensation as consistent with the low productivity growth and moderate inflation experienced in recent years. In light of the recent behavior of labor compensation and consumer prices as well as demographic trends, a number of participants lowered their estimate of the longer-run normal level of the unemployment rate.

Recent readings on headline and core PCE price inflation had come in lower than participants had expected. On a 12-month basis, headline PCE price inflation was running somewhat below the Committee's 2 percent objective in April, partly because of factors that appeared to be transitory. Core PCE price inflation--which historically has been a more useful predictor of future inflation, al­though it, too, can be affected by transitory factors--moved down from 1.8 percent in March to 1.5 percent in April. In addition, CPI inflation in May came in lower than expected. Most participants viewed the recent softness in these price data as largely reflecting idiosyncratic factors, including sharp declines in prices of wireless telephone services and prescription drugs, and expected these developments to have little bearing on inflation over the medium run. Participants continued to expect that, as the effects of transitory factors waned and labor market conditions strengthened further, inflation would stabilize around the Committee's 2 percent objective over the medium term. Several participants suggested that recent increases in import prices were consistent with this expectation. However, several participants expressed concern that progress toward the Committee's 2 percent longer-run inflation objective might have slowed and that the recent softness in inflation might persist. Such persistence might occur in part because upward pressure on inflation from resource utilization may be limited, as the relationship between these two variables appeared to be weaker than in previous decades. However, a couple of other participants raised the concern that a tighter relationship between inflation and resource utilization could reemerge if the unemployment rate ran significantly below its longer-run normal level, which could result in inflation running persistently above the Committee's 2 percent objective.

Overall, participants continued to see the near-term risks to the economic outlook as roughly balanced. Participants again noted the uncertainty regarding the possible enactment, timing, and nature of changes to fiscal and other government policies and saw both upside and downside risks to the economic outlook associated with such changes. A number of participants, pointing to improved prospects for foreign economic growth, viewed the downside risks to the U.S. economic outlook stemming from international developments as having receded further over the intermeeting period. With regard to the outlook for inflation, some participants emphasized downside risks, particularly in light of the recent low readings on inflation along with measures of inflation compensation and some survey measures of inflation expectations that were still low. However, a couple of participants expressed concern that a substantial undershooting of the longer-run normal rate of unemployment could pose an appreciable upside risk to inflation or give rise to macroeconomic or financial imbalances that eventually could lead to a significant economic downturn. Participants agreed that the Committee should continue to monitor inflation developments closely.

In their discussion of recent developments in financial markets, participants observed that, over the intermeeting period, equity prices rose, longer-term interest rates declined, and volatility in financial markets was generally low. They also noted that, according to some measures, financial conditions had eased even as the Committee reduced policy accommodation and market participants continued to expect further steps to tighten monetary policy. Participants discussed possible reasons why financial conditions had not tightened. Corporate earnings growth had been robust; nevertheless, in the assessment of a few participants, equity prices were high when judged against standard valuation measures. Longer-term Treasury yields had declined since earlier in the year and remained low. Participants offered various explanations for low bond yields, including the prospect of sluggish longer-term economic growth as well as the elevated level of the Federal Reserve's longer-term asset holdings. Some participants suggested that increased risk tolerance among investors might be contributing to elevated asset prices more broadly; a few participants expressed concern that subdued market volatility, coupled with a low equity premium, could lead to a buildup of risks to financial stability.

In their discussion of monetary policy, participants generally saw the outlook for economic activity and the medium-term outlook for inflation as little changed and viewed a continued gradual removal of monetary policy accommodation as being appropriate. Based on this assessment, almost all participants expressed the view that it would be appropriate for the Committee to raise the target range for the federal funds rate 25 basis points at this meeting. These participants agreed that, even after an increase in the target range for the federal funds rate at this meeting, the stance of monetary policy would remain accommodative, supporting additional strengthening in labor market conditions and a sustained return to 2 percent inflation. A few participants also judged that the case for a policy rate increase at this meeting was strengthened by the easing, by some measures, in overall financial conditions over the previous six months. One participant did not believe it was appropriate to raise the federal funds rate target range at this meeting; this participant suggested that the Committee should maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 3/4 to 1 percent until the inflation rate was actually moving toward the Committee's 2 percent longer-run objective.

Participants noted that, with the process of normalization of the level of the federal funds rate continuing, it would likely become appropriate this year for the Committee to announce and implement a specific timetable for its program of reducing reinvestment of the Federal Reserve's securities holdings. It was observed that the ensuing reduction in securities holdings would be gradual and would follow an extended period of Committee communications on balance sheet normalization policy, including the information that would be released at the conclusion of this meeting. Consequently, the effect on financial market conditions of the eventual announcement of the beginning of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet normalization was expected to be limited.

Participants expressed a range of views about the appropriate timing of a change in reinvestment policy. Several preferred to announce a start to the process within a couple of months; in support of this approach, it was noted that the Committee's communications had helped prepare the public for such a step. However, some others emphasized that deferring the decision until later in the year would permit additional time to assess the outlook for economic activity and inflation. A few of these participants also suggested that a near-term change to reinvestment policy could be misinterpreted as signifying that the Committee had shifted toward a less gradual approach to overall policy normalization.

Several participants indicated that the reduction in policy accommodation arising from the commencement of balance sheet normalization was one basis for believing that, if economic conditions evolved broadly as anticipated, the target range for the federal funds rate would follow a less steep path than it otherwise would. However, some other participants suggested that they did not see the balance sheet normalization program as a factor likely to figure heavily in decisions about the target range for the federal funds rate. A few of these participants judged that the degree of additional policy firming that would result from the balance sheet normalization program was modest.

Participants generally reiterated their support for continuing a gradual approach to raising the federal funds rate. Several participants expressed confidence that a series of further increases in the federal funds rate in coming years, along the lines implied by the medians of the projections for the federal funds rate in the June SEP, would contribute to a stabilization, over the medium term, of the inflation rate around the Committee's 2 percent objective, especially as this tightening of monetary policy would affect the economy only with a lag and would start from a point at which policy was still accommodative. However, a few participants who supported an increase in the target range at the present meeting indicated that they were less comfortable with the degree of additional policy tightening through the end of 2018 implied by the June SEP median federal funds rate projections. These participants expressed concern that such a path of increases in the policy rate, while gradual, might prove inconsistent with a sustained return of inflation to 2 percent.

Several participants endorsed a policy approach, such as that embedded in many participants' projections, in which the unemployment rate would undershoot their current estimates of the longer-term normal rate for a sustained period. They noted that the longer-run normal rate of unemployment is difficult to measure and that recent evidence suggested resource pressures generated only modest responses of nominal wage growth and inflation. Against this backdrop, possible benefits cited by policymakers of a period of tight labor markets included a further rise in nominal wage growth that would bolster inflation expectations and help push the inflation rate closer to the Committee's 2 percent longer-run goal, as well as a stimulus to labor market participation and business fixed investment. It was also suggested that the symmetry of the Committee's inflation goal might be underscored if inflation modestly exceeded 2 percent for a time, as such an outcome would follow a long period in which inflation had undershot the 2 percent longer-term objective. Several participants expressed concern that a substantial and sustained unemployment undershooting might make the economy more likely to experience financial instability or could lead to a sharp rise in inflation that would require a rapid policy tightening that, in turn, could raise the risk of an economic downturn. However, other participants noted that if a sharp rise in inflation or inflation expectations did occur, the Committee could readily respond using conventional monetary policy tools. With regard to financial stability, one participant emphasized the importance of remaining vigilant about financial developments but observed that previous episodes of elevated financial imbalances and low unemployment had limited relevance for the present situation, as the current system of financial regulation was likely more robust than that prevailing before the financial crisis.

Committee Policy Action
In their discussion of monetary policy for the period ahead, members judged that information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in May indicated that the labor market had continued to strengthen and that economic activity had been rising moderately so far this year. Job gains had moderated but had been solid, on average, since the beginning of the year, and the unemployment rate had declined. Household spending had picked up in recent months, and business fixed investment had continued to expand.

Inflation on a 12-month basis had declined recently and was running somewhat below 2 percent. The measure of inflation excluding food and energy prices was likewise running somewhat below 2 percent. Market-based measures of inflation compensation remained low; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations had changed little on balance.

With respect to the economic outlook and its implications for monetary policy, members continued to expect that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity would expand at a moderate pace, and labor market conditions would strengthen somewhat further. Inflation on a 12-month basis was expected to remain somewhat below 2 percent in the near term, but almost all members expected it to stabilize around 2 percent over the medium term, al­though they were monitoring inflation developments closely. Members continued to judge that there was significant uncertainty about the effects of possible changes in fiscal and other government policies but that near-term risks to the economic outlook appeared roughly balanced, especially as risks related to foreign economic and financial developments had diminished.

After assessing current conditions and the outlook for economic activity, the labor market, and inflation, all but one member agreed to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1 to 1-1/4 percent. They noted that the stance of monetary policy remained accommodative, thereby supporting some further strengthening in labor market conditions and a sustained return to 2 percent inflation.

Members agreed that, in determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee would assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment would take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. Members also agreed that they would carefully monitor actual and expected developments in inflation in relation to the Committee's symmetric inflation goal. They expected that economic conditions would evolve in a manner that would warrant gradual increases in the federal funds rate, and they agreed that the federal funds rate was likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate would depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data.

The Committee also decided to maintain its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction. The Committee expected to begin implementing a balance sheet normalization program in 2017, provided that the economy evolves broadly as anticipated. This program, which would gradually reduce the Federal Reserve's securities holdings by decreasing reinvestment of principal payments from those securities, was described in an addendum to the Committee's Policy Normalization Principles and Plans to be released after this meeting.

At the conclusion of the discussion, the Committee voted to authorize and direct the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, until it was instructed otherwise, to execute transactions in the SOMA in accordance with the following domestic policy directive, to be released at 2:00 p.m.:

"Effective June 15, 2017, the Federal Open Market Committee directs the Desk to undertake open market operations as necessary to maintain the federal funds rate in a target range of 1 to 1-1/4 percent, including overnight reverse repurchase operations (and reverse repurchase operations with maturities of more than one day when necessary to accommodate weekend, holiday, or similar trading conventions) at an offering rate of 1.00 percent, in amounts limited only by the value of Treasury securities held outright in the System Open Market Account that are available for such operations and by a per-counterparty limit of $30 billion per day.

The Committee directs the Desk to continue rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction and to continue reinvesting principal payments on all agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities. The Committee also directs the Desk to engage in dollar roll and coupon swap transactions as necessary to facilitate settlement of the Federal Reserve's agency mortgage-backed securities transactions."

The vote also encompassed approval of the statement below to be released at 2:00 p.m.:

"Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in May indicates that the labor market has continued to strengthen and that economic activity has been rising moderately so far this year. Job gains have moderated but have been solid, on average, since the beginning of the year, and the unemployment rate has declined. Household spending has picked up in recent months, and business fixed investment has continued to expand. On a 12-month basis, inflation has declined recently and, like the measure excluding food and energy prices, is running somewhat below 2 percent. Market-based measures of inflation compensation remain low; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations are little changed, on balance.

Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee continues to expect that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace, and labor market conditions will strengthen somewhat further. Inflation on a 12-month basis is expected to remain somewhat below 2 percent in the near term but to stabilize around the Committee's 2 percent objective over the medium term. Near-term risks to the economic outlook appear roughly balanced, but the Committee is monitoring inflation developments closely.

In view of realized and expected labor market conditions and inflation, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1 to 1-1/4 percent. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting some further strengthening in labor market conditions and a sustained return to 2 percent inflation.

In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. The Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected inflation developments relative to its symmetric inflation goal. The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data.

The Committee is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction. The Committee currently expects to begin implementing a balance sheet normalization program this year, provided that the economy evolves broadly as anticipated. This program, which would gradually reduce the Federal Reserve's securities holdings by decreasing reinvestment of principal payments from those securities, is described in the accompanying addendum to the Committee's Policy Normalization Principles and Plans."

Voting for this action: Janet L. Yellen, William C. Dudley, Lael Brainard, Charles L. Evans, Stanley Fischer, Patrick Harker, Robert S. Kaplan, and Jerome H. Powell.

Voting against this action: Neel Kashkari.

Mr. Kashkari dissented because he preferred to maintain the existing target range for the federal funds rate at this meeting. In his view, recent data, while suggesting that the labor market had improved further, had increased doubts about achievement of the Committee's 2 percent longer-run inflation objective and thus had not provided a compelling basis on which to firm monetary policy at this meeting. He preferred to await additional evidence that the recent decline in inflation was temporary and that inflation was moving toward the Committee's symmetric 2 percent inflation objective. He was concerned that raising the federal funds rate target range too soon increased the likelihood that inflation expectations would decline and that inflation would continue to run below 2 percent.

To support the Committee's decision to raise the target range for the federal funds rate, the Board of Governors voted unanimously to raise the interest rates on required and excess reserve balances 1/4 percentage point, to 1-1/4 percent, effective June 15, 2017. The Board of Governors also voted unanimously to approve a 1/4 percentage point increase in the primary credit rate (discount rate) to 1-3/4 percent, effective June 15, 2017.6

It was agreed that the next meeting of the Committee would be held on Tuesday-Wednesday, July 25-26, 2017. The meeting adjourned at 10:35 a.m. on June 14, 2017.

Notation Vote
By notation vote completed on May 23, 2017, the Committee unanimously approved the minutes of the Committee meeting held on May 2-3, 2017.

_____________________________
Brian F. Madigan
Secretary

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1. The Federal Open Market Committee is referenced as the "FOMC" and the "Committee" in these minutes. Return to text

2. Attended through the discussion of System Open Market Account reinvestment policy. Return to text

3. Attended through the staff report on the economic and financial situation. Return to text

4. Four members of the Board of Governors, one fewer than in March 2017, were in office at the time of the June 2017 meeting and submitted economic projections. The office of the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond was vacant at the time of this FOMC meeting; First Vice President Mark L. Mullinix submitted economic projections. Return to text

5. One participant did not submit longer-run projections for real output growth, the unemployment rate, or the federal funds rate. Return to text

6. In taking this action, the Board approved requests submitted by the boards of directors of the Federal Reserve Banks of Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, Dallas, and San Francisco. This vote also encompassed approval by the Board of Governors of the establishment of a 1-3/4 percent primary credit rate by the remaining Federal Reserve Banks, effective on the later of June 15, 2017, and the date such Reserve Banks informed the Secretary of the Board of such a request. (Secretary's note: Subsequently, the Federal Reserve Banks of New York, St. Louis, and Minneapolis were informed by the Secretary of the Board of the Board's approval of their establishment of a primary credit rate of 1-3/4 percent, effective June 15, 2017.) The second vote of the Board also encompassed approval of the establishment of the interest rates for secondary and seasonal credit under the existing formulas for computing such rates. Return to text

FULL DOCUMENT: https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/fomcminutes20170614.pdf

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ESPECIAL

CAF

MPOG. 04/07/2017. CAF pode se tornar o maior banco da América Latina em breve. Ministros e representantes do banco discutem estratégias da instituição e alocação de recursos para 2017 a 2022

Ministros e representantes da CAF (Banco de Desenvolvimento da América Latina) discutiram as estratégias da atuação da instituição e alocação de recursos para a gestão 2017-2022. O presidente da CAF, Luis Carranza Ugarte, recém-empossado, destacou que o banco é uma marca importante e conhecida internacionalmente e que por isso a cooperação técnica deve estar estritamente vinculada ao negócio, que é desenvolver projetos para a região.

“Nosso foco, negócio e cooperação técnica é com o desenvolvimento da América Latina. Por isso temos que fortalecer estrategicamente a instituição mobilizando recursos de terceiros e discutindo temas prioritários”, disse Ugarte durante sua exposição para os membros da CAF, em reunião realizada, nesta terça-feira (4), em Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolívia.

A CAF tem ampliado cada vez mais a sua atuação na região. Nesses dois dias de encontro, os conselheiros discutiram também mecanismos de prevenção de desastres naturais e redução dos impactos na atividade econômica, disse o ministro do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão, Dyogo Oliveira.

Durante sua apresentação, o ministro destacou a necessidade da ampliação de cadeias de valor na região dada a redução da capacidade de exportação de bens industrializados. Segundo ele, a CAF pode ser o vetor externo para ajudar os países da região, que hoje vivem um contexto de baixo crescimento e restrição fiscal.

“Foi uma reunião positiva de direcionamento da CAF que daqui para frente vai também apoiar com maior enfoque e prioridade projetos de parceria público-privada como as que o Brasil está desenvolvendo na área de infraestrutura. Devemos ter esse ano a continuidade dessa parceria relevante e temos desenhado para Brasil um pacote importante de US$ 1,5 bilhão de recursos para a melhoria da infraestrutura das cidades e prevenção de riscos e desastres naturais”, disse o ministro.

Segundo o secretário de assuntos internacionais do Ministério, Jorge Arbache, a CAF vem crescendo rapidamente. Segundo ele, o Brasil tem trabalhado com a instituição para que haja predominância da carteira de financiamento para entidades públicas e governo federal e essa agenda está avançando. “A CAF será dentro em breve provavelmente o maior banco da América Latina”, disse Arbache.

MPOG. 04/07/2017. Brasil discute agenda de projetos de infraestrutura com CAF. Carteira da CAF para o Brasil tem 31 projetos, sendo 7 para estados e 24 para municípios

O ministro do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão, Dyogo Oliveira, e o presidente recém-eleito da CAF (Banco de Desenvolvimento da América Latina), Luis Carranza Ugarte, se reuniram nesta segunda-feira à noite, 3, em Santa Cruz de La Sierra, na Bolívia, para discutir a carteira de projetos de infraestrutura do Banco de Desenvolvimento da América Latina no Brasil que soma US$ 1,4 bilhão.

A carteira da CAF para o Brasil tem 31 projetos, sendo 7 para estados e 24 para municípios, nas áreas de educação, urbanismo, saneamento, turismo e transporte.

No Brasil, a CAF constitui-se em um dos principais bancos multilaterais de desenvolvimento. Financia não somente projetos públicos com garantia soberana, mas, também, apresenta forte atuação no segmento de operações sem garantia da União, de interesse de empresas e instituições financeiras brasileiras, tanto públicas quanto privadas. O total de recursos aprovados pela CAF ao Brasil em 2016 alcançou US$ 1,4 bilhão, dos quais US$ 477 milhões (35%) representam financiamentos com risco soberano (com garantia do Tesouro Nacional e aprovado pelo Congresso) e US$ 893 milhões (65%) não soberano (sem garantia e concedido a estatais e setor privado).

A carteira ativa de projetos dirigidas ao setor público no Brasil alcança o valor de US$ 2,3 bilhões, destacando-se como o terceiro maior portfólio de projetos, atrás do BID (Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento) e do BIRD (Banco Mundial). A carteira concentra-se em nível municipal, abrangendo, principalmente, o setor de infraestrutura urbana. A definição de carteira ativa abrange projetos que se encontram nas fases de preparação, negociação, assinatura e execução, de acordo com a classificação da base de dados da Secretaria de Assuntos Internacionais (Seain) do Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão.

“A CAF mudou o estatuto para ser um banco de desenvolvimento da América Latina, deixando ser apenas uma agência multilateral dos países andinos e hoje é uma agencia multilateral para toda a América Latina. Inclusive os valores que a CAF tem contratados do Brasil já se assemelha a valores de agências tradicionais como o BID e o Banco Mundial”, disse o ministro do Planejamento, Dyogo Oliveira.

CAF

Os ministros de 19 países da América Latina e Caribe estiveram reunidos ontem e hoje, em Santa Cruz de la Sierra, na Bolívia, na reunião CLX da Diretoria Executiva da CAF para discutir os riscos das mudanças climáticas na região, os planos de ação e a utilização de instrumentos financeiros da CAF que podem ser acessados em caso de catástrofes, emergências, reconstrução e prevenção.

A CAF é uma instituição financeira multilateral cuja principal missão é promover o desenvolvimento sustentável e a integração regional na América Latina por meio do financiamento e oferta de apoio técnico e financeiro a projetos direcionados tanto ao setor privado quanto ao público em seus países acionistas.

São sócios da CAF, 19 países da América Latina e Caribe e Europa, além de treze bancos privados da região. Todos os sócios da CAF são, também, mutuários, o que lhe proporciona uma estrutura de governança onde os países beneficiários detêm grande influência institucional.

Convênio

O ministro do Planejamento e o presidente da CAF assinaram convênio de Subscrição de Capital Ordinário formalizando a participação do Brasil no aumento de capital da CAF. O objetivo é promover o desenvolvimento sustentável e a integração regional na América Latina por meio do financiamento e oferta de apoio técnico e financeiro a projetos. O aumento de capital da CAF havia sido aprovado em novembro de 2015, com a manifestação de apoio de seus países-membros.

Ao Brasil coube o compromisso de aportar US$ 572 milhões. No entanto, dada as restrições orçamentárias do País, ficou acordado que esse montante será pago durante os próximos oito anos a partir de 2018.

“Tendo em vista a importância da CAF nos últimos anos e o crescimento da carteira de projetos, foi aprovado um aumento de capital do organismo e o Brasil, se não fizer esses aportes, corre o risco de perder um volume muito maior de recursos para financiar a infraestrutura”, explicou o ministro.

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CNI. 04/07/2017. Missão à Europa busca boas práticas em internacionalização de empresas. Delegação do Rota Global, projeto da CNI, UIA e Fundecyt-PCTEX financiado pelo programa AL-Invest, da Comissão Europeia, visita instituições da Alemanha, Inglaterra e Irlanda 

A partir de julho, empresas do Brasil, da Argentina e da Espanha poderão se inscrever no Rota Global, um projeto financiado pela AL-Invest e executado pela Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI), União Industrial Argentina (UIA) e pela Fundação Parque Científico e Tecnológico de Extremadura (FUNDECYT-PCTEX), da Espanha. Fruto de uma parceria internacional, o Rota Global vai ajudar, gratuitamente, indústrias desses três países a se internacionalizarem. Nesta semana, uma delegação do projeto visita a Irlanda, a Inglaterra e a Alemanha para conhecer melhor como instituições e governos desses países apoiam as empresas para atuarem no exterior.

A primeira parada é a Irlanda. Em Dublin, a equipe do Rota terá reuniões com a Irish Exporters Association, a Inter Trade Ireland, a Enterprise Ireland e o Local Enterprise Office. O país tem buscado refinar a estratégia de internacionalização sobretudo após o anúncio da saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia. A Enterprise Ireland é a agência de governo que promove a exportação das empresas irlandesas. Em 2016, as clientes da agência registraram aumento de 6% em vendas para o exterior em relação ao ano anterior, alcançando mais de 21,6 bilhões de euros.

Na sequência, a equipe visita a Inglaterra, onde conhecerá a experiência de universidades, como Greenwich e Oxford, para orientar empresas exportadoras, sobretudo pelo aspecto da inovação. Só o Oxford Innovation Services já atendeu mais de 7 mil empresas e ajudou a acrescentar mais de £ 900 milhões ao PIB inglês.

Por fim, na Alemanha, a equipe conhecerá os instrumentos oferecidos por universidades, governos e instituições privadas para auxiliar na internacionalização de empresas. Entre as instituições visitadas, estão o Ministério da Economia de Baden-Württemberg e a Câmara de Comércio e Indústria de Stuttgart. As boas práticas compartilhadas durante a missão servirão de insumo para a construção do Plano de Negócios Internacional Rota Global desenvolvido pela CNI e pela Rede Brasileira de Centros Internacionais de Negócios (Rede CIN).

O Rota Global - O Rota Global oferecerá uma consultoria completa para empresas não exportadoras empreenderem no mercado internacional, com diagnóstico, desenho de estratégia de exportação e acompanhamento da execução do plano. Em julho, será aberto o prazo para indústrias interessadas se inscreverem. Negócios de todos os portes, setores e estados poderão participar.

A meta é traçar o diagnóstico de 500 empresas, desenvolver planos de negócios para 200 delas e, ao final do projeto, em 2018, ter ao menos 100 novas empresas com operação concreta de exportação. Por ser fruto de uma parceria internacional, o Rota atenderá indústrias no Brasil (75%), na Argentina (20%)  e na Espanha (5%). Nacionalmente, a execução do projeto contará com o apoio da Rede CIN.

Rota Global: http://www.portaldaindustria.com.br/cni/canais/rota-global/

CNI. 04/07/2017. Indústria automobilística faz planos para chegar mais competitiva em 2030. Nova política automotiva busca elever o nível tecnológico da indústria nacional por meio de processos mais avançados e digitais, em que os custos serão reduzidos e os produtos terão maior qualidade. Novo programa visa a garantir maior competitividade à indústria automobilística brasileira nos próximos 13 anosindústria automobilística

O Brasil terá um novo regime automotivo a partir de 2018. O Rota 2030 é a proposta do governo federal para aumentar a competitividade do setor frente aos mercados mais exigentes, com investimentos em tecnologia que aprimorem a segurança e a qualidade e diversifiquem produtos e serviços. O programa vem para substituir a atual política industrial do setor automotivo, Inovar-Auto, considerada ilegal pela Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC). Sob o comando do Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços (MDIC), o Rota 2030 está sendo elaborado por um grupo de trabalho que reúne representantes do governo e da indústria, responsável por identificar os problemas e desafios de toda a cadeia produtiva do setor automobilístico. O programa deverá vigorar por 13 anos.

“Precisamos ter objetivos duradouros, ainda que haja necessidade de revisões periódicas. O importante é que as metas devem valer por muitos anos, independentemente dos governos”, afirma o presidente da Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), Antonio Megale, um dos parceiros do MDIC na proposta, ao lado dos ministérios da Fazenda, de Ciência e Tecnologia e do Planejamento, da Federação Nacional da Distribuição de Veículos Automotores (Fenabrave) e do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES).

O Rota 2030 será constituído com base em nove pilares: diretrizes de segurança; recuperação da cadeia de autopeças; eficiência energética; pesquisa, desenvolvimento e engenharia; localização de tecnologia; relações trabalhistas; inspeção veicular; logística; e tributação. Nesta primeira etapa, contudo, a regulamentação está dirigida somente aos quatro primeiros pilares. Simultaneamente, haverá um esforço para a simplificação tributária nas operações automotivas.

Entre as principais propostas da indústria para o Rota 2030 está recuperar a base dos fornecedores, com a criação de programa de refinanciamento de dívidas ou linha de crédito especial voltada para o setor de autopeças, que sofreu muito com a queda do mercado de automóveis e está fragilizado.

A eficiência energética é outra pauta da indústria para o Rota 2030, que demanda mudanças no sistema tributário para que os impostos sejam cobrados de acordo com o consumo e as emissões dos veículos e não segundo a cilindrada do motor. O novo critério determinará que motores mais econômicos recolherão menos impostos e deve favorecer os carros elétricos e os híbridos.

Além disso, é importante aumentar os investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e criar uma política para incluir novos sistemas e recursos de segurança aos carros, assim como propor a criação de um programa nacional de inspeção veicular para assegurar a redução de acidentes e de poluição.

IBGE. 05/07/2017. Empresas e outras organizações perdem 1,7 milhão de ocupados entre 2014 e 2015

Em 2015, as 5,1 milhões de empresas e outras organizações ativas no país possuíam 5,6 milhões de unidades locais, que ocupavam 53,5 milhões de pessoas, das quais 46,6 milhões assalariadas, que receberam um total de R$ 1,6 trilhão em salários e outras remunerações.

O pessoal ocupado total nas empresas e outras organizações  do Cadastro Central de Empresas (CEMPRE) do IBGE caiu 3,1% (menos 1,7 milhão de pessoas)entre 2014 e 2015, primeira queda dessa varíavel na série iniciada em 2007. Esse resultado foi puxado pelo recuo de 3,6% no pessoal ocupado assalariado (-1,7 milhão), que também caiu pela primeira vez.

O número de sócios e proprietários, que já havia caído em 2014, manteve-se praticamente estável, com recuo de 0,1% (-7,7 mil pessoas). Já o total de salários e outras remunerações diminuiu 4,8%, e o salário médio mensal caiu 3,2%, em termos reais. A única variável analisada que não apresentou queda foi o número de empresas e outras organizações, que manteve-se praticamente estável em 5,1 milhões, registrando variação de 0,2% ou 11,6 mil empresas a mais que em 2014, quando registrou a primeira queda na série (-5,4%).

Apesar da redução de 1,7 milhão de vínculos empregatícios assalariados entre 2014 e 2015, , 3,6 milhões de novos vínculos foram gerados nas empresas e outras organizações formais, de 2010 a 2015. Quatro seções de atividade foram responsáveis por 71,7% desse total: 29,4% em comércio; reparação de veículos automotores e motocicletas, 15,0% em saúde humana e serviços sociais, 14,1% em atividades administrativas e serviços complementares e 13,1% em educação.

Em termos regionais, a região Sudeste concentrava 51,1% (2,9 milhões) das unidades locais, 50,2% do pessoal ocupado (26,9 milhões), 49,8% do pessoal assalariado (23,2 milhões) e 54,4% (R$ 840,3 bilhões) dos salários e outras remunerações. Esta é a primeira vez na série que a região Sudeste fica com participação abaixo de 50% no pessoal ocupado assalariado.

Estas e outras informações estão no Cadastro Central de Empresas (CEMPRE) do IBGE, que reúne informações cadastrais e econômicas de empresas e outras organizações (administração pública e entidades sem fins lucrativos) formalmente constituídas no país e suas respectivas unidades locais (endereços de atuação das empresas e outras organizações).

Número de empresas e outras organizações, pessoal ocupado total,
salários e outras remunerações e salário médio mensal - Brasil - 2014-2015
Variáveis	2014	2015	Variação relativa (%)
Número de empresas e outras organizações	5.103.357	5.114.983	0,2
Pessoal ocupado total	55.263.992	53.541.695	-3,1
Pessoal ocupado assalariado	48.271.711	46.557.150	-3,6
Sócios e proprietários	6.992.281	6.984.545	-0,1
Salários e outras remunerações (R$ 1000)	1.637.322.460	1.559.193.355	-4,8
Salário médio mensal (R$)	2.561,37	2.480,36	-3,2
Salário médio mensal (salários mínimos)	3,2	3,1	-
Fonte: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Metodologia das Estatísticas de Empresas, Cadastros e Classificações,
Cadastro Central de Empresas 2014-2015.
Nota: Utilizou-se o Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor - INPC, calculado pelo IBGE, como deflator dos salários de
2014, tendo como referência o ano de 2015.

DOCUMENTO: http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv100618.pdf

USP. FIPE. ZAP IMÓVEIS. PORTAL G1. 05/07/2017. Preço de imóveis cai pelo 4º mês seguido, aponta FipeZap. Valor nominal médio do metro quadrado, acumula queda de 0,23% no 1º semestre.
Por G1

O preço ado metro quadrado para venda dos imóveis residenciais em 20 cidades brasileiras caiu 0,15% em junho ante maio, segundo o Índice FipeZap. Trata-se da 4ª queda mensal seguida no preço nominal anunciado.
Nos 6 primeiros meses de 2017, o preço médio do metro quadrado acumula queda de 0,23%.
No acumulado do ano, o preço dos imóveis subiram 0,31%. A variação, entretanto, ficou abaixo da inflação para o período (3,08%, pelo IPCA/IBGE).
Em junho, o valor médio do metro quadrado nas 20 cidades monitoradas foi de R$ 7.668, ante R$ 7.682 em maio.

Preço do metro quadrado em junho

Valors anunciados por cidade, em R$

Fonte: FipeZap

Valores por cidades
Rio de Janeiro se manteve como a cidade com os imóveis mais caros do país, com o m2 a R$ 10.082, seguida por São Paulo (R$ 8.680) e Distrito Federal (R$ 8.385). Já as cidades com o valor médio por metro quadrado mais baixo foram Contagem (R$ 3.526), Goiânia (R$ 4.127) e Vila Velha (R$ 4.654, segundo o FipeZap.
Das 20 cidades pesquisadas, 9 apresentaram recuo nominal nos preços de venda nos últimos 12 meses, com destaque para Niterói (-2,51%), Rio de Janeiro (-2,17%) e Distrito federal (-1,92%). Já entre as cidades que registraram aumento nos preços, apenas em Belo Horizonte (6,65%) e em Florianópolis (3,16%) os aumentos superaram a inflação esperada para o período (3,08%). Com isso, o preço médio de venda acumula queda real de 2,69% nos últimos 12 meses.
O Índice FipeZap, desenvolvido em conjunto pela Fipe e pelo portal ZAP, acompanha o preço médio do m² de apartamentos prontos em 20 cidades brasileiras, com base em anúncios da Internet.

Inflação em queda
Analistas das instituições financeiras voltaram a reduzir nesta semana suas estimativas de inflação para os anos de 2017 e de 2018. Para o comportamento do Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) em 2017 – a "inflação oficial" do país –, o mercado baixou sua previsão de 3,48% para 3,46%. Foi a quinta queda seguida do indicador.
Com isso, manteve-se a expectativa de que a inflação deste ano ficará abaixo da meta central para o ano, que é de 4,5%. A meta de inflação é fixada pelo Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN) e deve ser perseguida pelo Banco Central, que, para alcançá-la, eleva ou reduz a taxa básica de juros da economia (Selic).
Para 2018, a previsão do mercado financeiro para a inflação caiu de 4,30% para 4,25% na quarta redução consecutiva. O índice segue abaixo da meta central (que também é de 4,5%) e do teto de 6% fixado para o período.

USP. FIPE. ZAP IMÓVEIS. REUTERS. 05/07/2017. Preço de venda de apartamentos no Brasil tem 4a queda seguida em junho, indica FipeZap

SÃO PAULO (Reuters) - Os preços de venda de imóveis residenciais caíram 0,15 por cento em junho ante maio, segundo o índice FipeZap, que analisa o valor do metro quadrado de apartamentos prontos em 20 cidades brasileiras com base em anúncios publicados na Internet.

Com esse resultado, que marcou a quarta queda mensal consecutiva nos preços nominais, o índice acumulou baixa de 0,23 por cento no primeiro semestre. Considerando os últimos 12 meses, o índice apresenta alta de 0,31 por cento ante uma inflação acumulada de 3,08 por cento para o período.

Treze das 20 cidades pesquisadas apresentaram recuo nominal no preço de venda entre maio e junho, com destaque para São Caetano do Sul (-0,76 por cento), Distrito Federal (-0,60 por cento) e Rio de Janeiro (-0,49 por cento). Já entre as sete cidades que tiveram alta de preço no período, as maiores variações ocorreram em Santos (+0,61 por cento), Fortaleza (+0,57 por cento) e Florianópolis (+0,51 por cento).

O Rio de Janeiro continuou em junho sendo a cidade com o metro quadrado mais caro do país, a 10.082 reais, seguida por São Paulo, onde o metro quadrado custa 8.680 reais. Por outro lado, Contagem (MG) apresentou a menor cotação da lista, a 3.526 reais. O valor médio do metro quadrado à venda nas 20 cidades pesquisadas foi de 7.668 reais.

(Por Natália Scalzaretto)

REUTERS. 05/07/2017. Setor de serviços contrai em junho com confiança afetada por cena política, mostra PMI
Por Camila Moreira

SÃO PAULO (Reuters) - As preocupações com o cenário político e a fraqueza do mercado no Brasil levaram a confiança dos empresários de serviços ao nível mais baixo em pouco mais de um ano em junho, com o setor em contração pelo segundo mês seguido, mostrou a pesquisa Índice de Gerentes de Compras (PMI, na sigla em inglês).

Os dados divulgados nesta quarta-feira mostram que o PMI de serviços do Brasil caiu a 47,4 no mês passado contra 49,2 em maio, permanecendo abaixo da marca de 50 que separa crescimento de contração.

Ainda que as empresas de serviços esperem novas parcerias e maiores investimentos nos próximos 12 meses, os empresários veem a turbulência da cena política como uma ameaça para as perspectivas de negócios.

Assim, o grau de otimismo entre eles chegou à marca mais baixa desde março de 2016. O presidente Michel Temer é alvo de denúncia por corrupção passiva, o que vem afetando a confiança de forma generalizada no país.

Nesta quarta-feira a defesa de Temer deve entregar à Comissão de Constituição e Justiça da Câmara a defesa do presidente.

Os níveis de atividade no setor de serviços caíram em quatro das seis categorias pesquisadas, pressionados pela queda na quantidade de novos trabalhos que deu fim a uma sequência de quatro meses de expansão.

De acordo com os entrevistados, esse resultado reflete condições instáveis de mercado, perturbações políticas, demanda frágil e questões financeiras dos consumidores.

Com isso as empresas voltaram a cortar funcionários em junho na tentativa de redução de custos, chegando ao 28º mês seguido de perdas de vagas.

Os custos dos insumos aumentaram no mês, mas ainda assim os empresários tentaram oferecer descontos na tentativa de atrair consumidores, e os preços médios dos produtos caíram pela primeira vez em três meses.

Entre os subsetores consultados, houve descontos nos de Intermediação Financeira, de Hotéis e Restaurantes e de Aluguéis e Atividades de Negócios.

O PMI da indústria mostrou crescimento do setor em junho, mas além de ter perdido força esse resultado foi insuficiente para compensar as perdas no setor de serviços. Assim, o PMI Composto voltou a território de contração em junho ao cair a 48,5, de 50,4 em maio.

REUTERS. 04/07/2017. Brasil reduzirá dose de vacina contra aftosa em 2018, diz Sindan
Por Roberto Samora

SÃO PAULO (Reuters) - A indústria de produtos veterinários do Brasil vai ofertar no próximo ano uma vacina contra a febre aftosa com uma dose menor, que trará maior praticidade na aplicação, o que potencialmente ajudará a reduzir riscos de a carne bovina ser comercializada com abscessos (caroços), afirmou nesta terça-feira um dirigente de associação do setor de saúde animal do país.

Os abscessos, que responderam por 28 por cento dos problemas apontados pelo governo dos Estados Unidos para suspender a carne in natura do Brasil, podem ser gerados por uma vacinação mal executada, realizada com uma agulha rombuda (sem ponta), mas o problema não deve ser atribuído ao medicamento em si, que passa por rigorosos testes e é seguro, segundo o Sindicato da Indústria de Produtos para Saúde Animal (Sindan).

A vacina com uma dose reduzida de 5 ml para 2 ml, que estará disponível no mercado para a campanha de vacinação do segundo semestre de 2018, proporcionará maior facilidade para uma aplicação subcutânea, minimizando riscos de erros no processo, disse à Reuters o vice-presidente-executivo do Sindan, Emílio Carlos Salani.

"Como terá maior praticidade, não vai ter cansaço (de quem aplica) ao final do processo... Vai ser igual a uma vacina de criança, uma picadinha, sem choro", afirmou Salani, explicando que o processo de vacinação de um rebanho, manual, demanda grande esforço dos técnicos, e uma dose menor traria algum alívio.

A redução da dose, que deverá ser apresentada ao governo dos EUA enquanto o Brasil tenta reverter a suspensão, está entre as reivindicações de representantes do setor pecuário no Brasil para reduzir o risco de abscessos.

Com uma aplicação subcutânea facilitada pela redução da dose, se algum abscesso for gerado pela vacinação, ele será superficial e eliminado mais facilmente pelo frigorífico ou pelos fiscais do Ministério da Agricultura no processamento da carne.

Um dos problemas apontados pelos EUA foram os abscessos profundos, entremeados na carcaça, de difícil visualização.

Após a suspensão dos EUA, o ministério determinou um fatiamento da carcaça pelos frigoríficos como forma de minimizar a possibilidade de a carne ser comercializada com abscessos, os quais não apresentam problemas à saúde, segundo técnicos do governo brasileiro.

A diminuição da dose, que tem um custo unitário de 1,5 real atualmente, proporcionará ainda uma redução de custo de até 7 por cento ao pecuarista, uma questão que a indústria de medicamentos terá de lidar, disse o dirigente do Sindan, sem entrar em detalhes.

Também vai reduzir custos logísticos, pois uma caixa poderá transportar 6 mil vacinas, ante até 2,5 mil atualmente.

O Ministério da Agricultura confirmou nesta terça-feira que uma missão técnica brasileira fará reunião em Washington no dia 13 de julho para discutir medidas para a retirada do embargo provisória à carne in natura do Brasil, que tem impacto muito mais à imagem do produto nacional do que financeiro, uma vez que os norte-americanos são clientes menores.

No encontro, o ministério deverá apresentar os resultados de auditorias que estão sendo feitas nas empresas, além de melhorias em procedimentos para evitar novos problemas.

ELIMINAÇÃO DE VÍRUS

O setor de saúde animal está investindo 15 milhões de dólares na redução da dose e também na eliminação de um sorotipo do vírus da aftosa na vacina brasileira, disse Salani.

A indústria de medicamentos veterinários reúne no Brasil empresas como Ourofino, Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil e Ceva Saúde Animal.

O sorotipo C será retirado do medicamento que estará disponível no ano que vem, uma vez que esse tipo do vírus está erradicado do Brasil, explicou ele, lembrando que a medida também atende a um pedido do ministério, assim como a redução da dose.

A vacina com um sorotipo a menos faz parte do processo do país para deixar de vacinar totalmente contra a aftosa, um passo que poderia colocar no futuro o rebanho brasileiro em outro patamar.

A carne de um país livre de aftosa sem vacinação é mais valorizada no mercado global.

(Com reportagem adicional de Ana Mano)

FENABRAVE. REUTERS. 04/07/2017. Concessionários elevam previsão de venda de carros em 2017, mas veem queda em caminhões
Por Alberto Alerigi Jr.

SÃO PAULO (Reuters) - Os distribuidores de veículos do Brasil elevaram nesta terça-feira projeção de vendas de automóveis e comerciais leves em 2017, para 4,3 por cento ante 2,4 por cento, a 2,07 milhões de unidades, informou Federação Nacional da Distribuição de Veículos Automotores (Fenabrave).

A previsão para a venda de caminhões e ônibus, contudo, foi revista de alta de 3,15 por cento para queda de 10,2 por cento em 2017, a 57,4 mil unidades.

As mudanças ocorreram depois que as vendas de carros, comerciais leves, caminhões e ônibus novos no primeiro semestre subiram 3,6 por cento sobre o mesmo período do ano passado, para 1,02 milhão de unidades.

Em junho, as vendas de carros e comerciais leves caíram 0,5 por cento sobre maio, mas subiram 13,7 por cento sobre o mesmo mês de 2016, a 189,2 mil unidades.

Já as vendas de caminhões, um indicador do nível de investimento no país, tiveram alta de 1,5 cento em junho sobre maio e queda de 0,2 por cento sobre junho do ano passado, para 4,18 mil unidades. No semestre, houve recuo de 15,6 por cento na comparação anual, para 21,46 mil unidades.

A Fenabrave informou ainda que as vendas de ônibus em junho subiram 18,6 por cento ante maio e saltaram 30,4 por cento sobre um ano antes, para 1,56 mil veículos. De janeiro a junho, o segmento apurou vendas de 6,5 mil unidades, queda de 7,25 por cento sobre o primeiro semestre de 2016.

Segundo a entidade, o segmento de motocicletas teve licenciamentos de 71,8 mil unidades em junho, queda de quase 10 por cento sobre maio e recuo de 11 por cento sobre junho do ano passado. No semestre, foram vendidas 427,28 mil motocicletas novas no Brasil, queda de 21,9 por cento sobre um ano antes.

(Por Alberto Alerigi Jr.)

REUTERS. 04/07/2017. Produção brasileira de celulose sobe 8,1% em maio e exportações avançam 18,7%
Por Flavia Bohone

SÃO PAULO (Reuters) - A produção brasileira de celulose subiu 8,1 por cento em maio ante igual mês de 2016, para 1,675 milhão de toneladas, enquanto as exportações do insumo avançaram 18,7 por cento, de acordo com dados preliminares divulgados nesta terça-feira pela entidade que representa o setor, Ibá.

Nos cinco primeiros meses do ano, a produção brasileira de celulose cresceu 5,3 por cento, para 7,966 milhões de toneladas. No mesmo período, as exportações avançaram 4,7 por cento, para 5,482 milhões de toneladas.

O consumo aparente de celulose caiu 10,5 por cento em maio, para 556 mil toneladas, enquanto no acumulado do ano houve aumento de 3,1 por cento, para 2,581 milhões de toneladas, também na comparação com 2016. O consumo aparente é a soma da produção e importações, menos as exportações.

Já as vendas no país de painéis de madeira, importante insumo para a construção civil, subiram 2,1 por cento em maio, para 530 mil metros cúbicos. No acumulado do ano, essas vendas somaram 2,615 milhões de metros cúbicos, queda de 0,4 por cento ano a ano.

A entidade informou ainda que a produção de papel em maio subiu 2,6 por cento sobre um ano antes, para 869 mil toneladas, com as vendas domésticas em alta de 0,2 por cento no período, para 442 mil toneladas.

De janeiro a maio, a produção de papel somou 4,261 milhões de toneladas, queda de 0,6 por cento ante o volume apurado no mesmo período de 2016. As vendas domésticas do produto caíram 2,3 por cento na mesma base de comparação.

REUTERS. 04/07/2017. China intensifica inspeções de carne brasileira após a proibição dos EUA

PEQUIM (Reuters) - A autoridade que fiscaliza qualidade na China intensificou as inspeções de carnes importadas do Brasil após uma recente proibição dos Estados Unidos a alguns produtos brasileiros de carne bovina.

Os EUA suspenderam as importações de carne in natura (fresca) brasileira no fim do mês passado, após um elevado percentual dos embarques não passar em testes de segurança. Um dos principais problemas foram abcessos nas carnes, que os produtores brasileiros atribuíram à vacinação do gado contra febre aftosa.

O Brasil é o principal fornecedor de carne bovina importada e frango para a China.

A Administração Geral de Supervisão de Qualidade, Inspeção e Quarentena chinesa (AQSIQ) disse em nota à agência de notícias Reuters que o Ministério da Agricultura do Brasil garantiu na semana passada que os problemas encontrados nas exportações aos EUA "são apenas reações dos animais às vacinas" e não representam nenhum risco à segurança dos alimentos.

A China destruiu ou devolveu mais de 350 toneladas de carne brasileira em maio, incluindo pés de frango, coxas de frango e carne bovina, segundo uma lista publicada no site da agência na segunda-feira (3). Alguns não passaram pela inspeção e quarentena, enquanto outros não estavam com a rotulagem adequada.

A China vai tomar as medidas necessárias se encontrar riscos à segurança alimentar nas importações de carne brasileira e irá notificar o público no momento adequado, disse a agência.

A China somente permite importações de carne bovina sem ossos de gados com menos de 30 meses de idade do Brasil, enquanto os EUA permitiam mais tipos de carne brasileira em seu mercado, segundo o órgão.

A China chegou a suspender brevemente as importações de todos produtos de carne do Brasil em março, após a Polícia Federal brasileira acusar fiscais de receber propinas para autorizar a venda de carnes estragadas ou com salmonela.

Mas os chineses rapidamente retiraram as sanções após autoridades brasileiras terem esclarecido detalhes sobre a investigação policial.

Desde então, a agência de supervisão chinesa disse que tem encontrado problemas de rotulagem em algumas importações de carne do Brasil, além de alguns casos de certificados sanitários que não cumprem exigências chinesas.

(Por Hallie Gu and Dominique Patton)

MAPA. 04/07/2017. Sanidade. Mapa determina a frigoríficos nova forma de cortes para exportação de carne aos EUA. Medida visa facilitar retomada do mercado norte-americano

Memorando do Departamento de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (Dipoa) do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa) determinou a frigroríficos que carnes in natura de cortes dianteiros a serem exportadas aos Estados Unidos sigam apenas na forma de recortes, cubos, iscas ou tiras. A medida visa facilitar as negociações para retomar as vendas para aquele mercado.

Na última sexta-feira (30), encerrou o prazo para estabelecimentos industriais revisarem seus programas de autocontrole e implementem medidas adicionais de reinspeção. O Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) também revisou seus planos de fiscalização nos estabelecimentos registrados no Mapa.

No próximo dia 13 de julho, o diretor do Departamento de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (Dipoa) do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa), José Luis Vargas, e o coordenador-geral de Controle e Avaliação do Dipoa, Rafael Filipputti, se reunirão com autoridades sanitárias dos Estados Unidos, em Washington. O objetivo é discutir as medidas de controle adotadas depois que foram detectados abcessos na carne bovina in natura exportada ao mercado norte-americano.

PORTAL BRASIL. 05/07/2017. ECONOMIA E EMPREGO. Retomada do crescimento. Gestão Temer cria as condições necessárias para crescimento e emprego. Queda da inflação e dos juros, melhora dos níveis de confiança e volta dos investimentos são parte dos efeitos de medidas adotadas pelo governo

Com o governo Michel Temer, a economia brasileira foi reorganizada e voltou a dar os resultados esperados pela sociedade. No início do ano, pela primeira vez depois de oito trimestres de quedas consecutivas, o País voltou a crescer. As medidas adotadas em pouco mais de um ano de gestão levaram à retomada do emprego, valorização das empresas na bolsa, queda da inflação e aumento da confiança de investidores, empresários e das famílias.

O presidente da República, em artigo publicado recentemente em jornais brasileiros, afirmou que “o Brasil não pode parar”. Para dar continuidade a esses avanços, o governo tem adotado medidas microeconômicas que facilitam a vida de empresários e consumidores. Além disso, enviou para o Congresso uma proposta de reforma da Previdência e outra de modernização trabalhista.

Frente a todas essas mudanças, termômetros importantes para a economia sinalizam melhorias significativas desde o início da gestão Temer. Em fevereiro de 2016, com a desorganização da economia, a inflação chegou a 10,36% no acumulado de 12 meses – um valor muito acima dos limites de tolerância.

Depois de ajustes nas contas públicas e de outras medidas, o indicador oficial que mede o custo de vida no Brasil caiu fortemente. Passou dos mais de 10% para 3,60% – o menor valor desde maio de 2007, quando o Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) ficou em 3,18%. Na prática, a queda desse indicador significa mesa mais farta para o consumidor, que ganha também maior capacidade de planejamento de gastos.

Ao mesmo tempo em que conseguiu derrubar a inflação, o governo criou as condições necessárias para que o Banco Central pudesse reduzir os juros básicos da economia (Selic). Com a criação do teto dos gastos, o orçamento público ficou mais organizado e diminuiu a pressão que fazia sobre o custo de vida do brasileiro. Esse cenário abriu espaço para o BC cortar os juros, o que já se reflete em empréstimos e financiamentos com taxas menores para consumidores e empresas.

Aumento de investimentos

As medidas que reorganizaram a economia e reduziram inflação e juros também criaram um ambiente melhor para investimentos. O risco de o País dar um calote em investidores, o chamado Risco Brasil, despencou em um ano de governo Temer. Antes da posse do presidente, esse indicador chegou a bater próximo dos 500 pontos. Nos últimos meses, ele assumiu uma tendência de queda e tem girado ao redor dos 200 pontos.

Na prática, quando a pontuação desse termômetro baixa, significa que um país se tornou mais confiável para investidores estrangeiros. Apenas entre janeiro e maio, com essa maior confiança, o País atraiu US$ 32,4 bilhões em investimentos estrangeiros focados no setor produtivo. Ou seja, é dinheiro com potencial de gerar mais emprego e renda no Brasil. A previsão é que, no consolidado de 2017, US$ 75 bilhões ingressem no País.

Valorização de empresas

Outro termômetro importante, a Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa) mudou de direção depois da posse de Temer. No pior momento, ainda no primeiro trimestre do ano passado, o Ibovespa, principal indicador do mercado brasileiro, chegou a cair para baixo de 38 mil pontos. Desse ponto até a última terça-feira (4), a bolsa subiu em quase 70%.

Somando todas as empresas listadas na bolsa, entre maio de 2016 e maio 2017, período que o governo Temer completou um ano, houve uma forte valorização. Todas juntas, ao fim desses 12 meses, registraram ganho de R$ 509,78 bilhões.

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LGCJ.: